Introduction

Mahatma Gandhi, the revered advocate of non-violence (ahimsa) as a principle for social and political change, remains an enigma to many. This ambiguity arises from his actions during the tumultuous period of World War II, when he supported the Indian Army in the British war effort. This article delves into the intricacies of Gandhi's decision and the context that shaped it.

The Context of World War II

To understand Gandhi's decision, it is crucial to examine the broader context of World War II. The conflict had far-reaching implications for India, a colony under British rule. India's involvement in the war effort placed it in a complex political and moral landscape, where Gandhi navigated between his commitment to non-violence and the necessity to support a war against fascism.

Gandhi's Opposition to Fascism

Gandhi viewed the Axis powers, particularly Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan, as a significant threat to global peace and human rights. His belief in the importance of combating this threat led him to support the Allies, including the British. This support was not an endorsement of the violent nature of war, but a strategic approach to achieving peace and justice.

National Unity and Participation in the War Effort

Gandhi believed that encouraging Indians to join the British Army would foster a sense of national unity and responsibility. He hoped that this participation would help demonstrate India's commitment to the fight against tyranny and potentially secure greater rights and autonomy after the war. This was an integral part of his vision for India's progress and self-realization.

Strategic Considerations

The Indian Army's contribution during World War II was also a strategic move for Gandhi. He believed that Indians could negotiate for greater autonomy and rights by leveraging their participation as a bargaining chip in post-war discussions. This approach was a pragmatic response to the complex political landscape of the time.

Non-violence vs. Militarism

Gandhi's support for the Indian Army was not an endorsement of militarism but rather a recognition of the complexities of the world he lived in. He maintained his core belief in non-violence as a philosophy, but pragmatically understood the necessity of taking action in a world threatened by violent regimes. His actions were a testament to his deep-seated commitment to both his principles and the preservation of peace.

The Azad Hind Fauj and Gandhi's Non-Approval

The Azad Hind Fauj, led by Subhas Chandra Bose, embraced a militant approach to achieving independence, which was fundamentally at odds with Gandhi's non-violent philosophy. Gandhi did not support the INA because it embraced armed struggle, which he believed contradicted the principles of ahimsa. This decision highlights the nuanced balance between personal convictions and the broader goals of the larger movement for independence.

Conclusion

In summary, Gandhi's support for the Indian Army during World War II was rooted in his broader vision of fighting against tyranny and seeking to secure Indian rights. While his commitment to non-violence remained unwavering, his actions during the war reflected a pragmatic approach to navigating the complex realities of the time. Understanding Gandhi's decision requires an examination of the political, moral, and strategic factors that shaped his thinking and actions.