Tanks in Ukraine: How Ground Pressure Affects Performance in Mud

During the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, tanks from various nations have faced significant challenges on the battlefield, particularly when traversing muddy terrain. The Challenger II tanks have reportedly struggled more than expected, leading to questions about the overall performance of different tank models in muddy conditions.

Why the Challenger II Struggles in Ukraine

The primary reason for the Challenger II's difficulties in Ukraine is its high ground pressure. Due to its substantial weight and relatively small track surface area, the Challenger 2 has a significantly higher ground pressure compared to other tanks. This makes it more prone to getting stuck in soft ground.

Comparing Ground Pressure: Challenger II vs. T-90M

Let's break down the numbers:

T-90M Tank

Weight: 48t Track length: 4.280m Track width: 0.580m Ground pressure: 9.668t per m2

Challenger 2 Tank

Weight: 75t Track length: 4.790m Track width: 0.650m Ground pressure: 12.044t per m2

The Challenger 2 has a ground pressure of 12.044t per m2, which is 25% higher than the T-90M. Additionally, the Challenger 2's power-to-weight ratio is inferior, with only 16hp/t compared to the T-90M's 23.5hp/t.

All Tanks Suffer in Mud

Despite the superior performance of lighter tanks like the T-90M, all types of tanks can face significant challenges in mud. This issue is not unique to Ukraine; it has been a problem for decades, particularly during the Rasputitsa period in Eastern Europe.

Mud's Impact on Tank Operations

Mud can immobilize even the most rugged vehicles, let alone a 70-ton behemoth like the Challenger 2. Tanks often struggle to get out of mud on their own and can require a major recovery operation, involving other vehicles and specialized equipment.

Comparing Russian Tanks' Performance in Mud

While Russian tanks, including the T-90M and T-64, can also get stuck in mud, they tend to fare slightly better due to their generally lower weight and unpadded tracks, which are more suitable for unpaved surfaces.

Conclusion

While Russian tanks may have an advantage in mud and snow conditions, all tanks are at a disadvantage in muddy terrain. This has been a clear illustration of the challenges faced by armored vehicles in Ukraine and has raised concerns about the effectiveness of different tank models in similar conditions.

Related Keywords

Tank performance Ground pressure Challenger II