The Misconceptions: Did Japanese People Consider Portuguese as Monsters During Early Encounters?

Japan's early encounters with Portuguese explorers and traders revealed a series of misunderstandings and cultural clashes. The notion that Japanese people may have perceived the Portuguese as 'real monsters' arose from their physical appearance rather than their intentions or actions. This essay delves into the origins of these beliefs and the evolving perception of Europeans in Japan over time.

The Arrival and Early Perceptions

Upon first meeting Portuguese sailors, Japanese people were indeed struck by their appearance. There was a prevailing belief that the Portuguese looked like ogres or monsters. However, this wasn’t due to any malicious intentions or plans but rather the exotic and sometimes intimidating physical features of the newcomers. The misperception stemmed primarily from cultural differences and the complete lack of familiarity with European physiognomy.

Why Not an Invasion?

It is important to clarify that the Portuguese were not attempting to invade Japan. Their purpose upon arrival was purely commercial and peaceful, resembling the intentions they held in other parts of Asia, such as Goa. The Portuguese aimed to establish trading posts and commercial enterprises, much like they did in various other regions. Their primary goal was to engage in trade and economic activities, not to conquer or subjugate the local population. Despite this clear intention, the harsh realities of maritime life and the prolonged voyages to Japan contributed to the Portuguese appearance.

The Realities of Maritime Voyages

The arduous maritime conditions and the long voyages between Europe and Japan wore down even the most well-prepared sailors. The combination of months at sea, poor living conditions, and the stresses of the journey often led to a physical appearance quite different from what one might expect. Sailors, especially those under the command of Portuguese admirals, had to be resilient and tough. They had the safety of their ship and the merchandise to report to their king, which made them even more cautious and formidable.

Conditions on these ships were harsh, and the crew was often subjected to grueling and unhealthy conditions. The result was a varied appearance that included unkempt hair, unshaven faces, and a general state of exhaustion. For Japanese observers, the Portuguese sailors were likely to look quite different from what they were used to, adding to the sense of unfamiliarity and discomfort.

Names and Appearances

Some Portuguese sailors, especially those who were not already handsome, must have looked quite formidable. However, it is important to note that Portuguese men were known to be good-looking according to accounts. Nevertheless, the combination of masculine physiques, beards, and unfamiliar headgear such as hats and headdresses likely contributed to the initial perceptions.

The Portuguese sailors were also known to consume large amounts of alcohol, which further altered their appearance and demeanor. The warm, often friendship-filled relationship many Portuguese formed with local women, especially in Goa and other regions, was also a stark contrast to the perceptions of them as ‘monsters.’ This relationship helped to soften initial hard feelings.

European Perception in Japan Over Time

While the initial encounter may have been colored with misunderstandings, it is essential to acknowledge that the perception of Europeans in Japan evolved over time. The early Japanese accounts often portrayed Europeans negatively, describing their features as ‘crude, hairy, and beast-like.’ This perception began to shift as more contacts were made, including through the work of missionaries.

The American influence, which opened up new trade routes and interactions, further contributed to a more normalized view of Europeans. However, it was not until after World War II that Japanese conceptions of Europeans truly started to normalize. The war period brought new interactions and a broader exposure to European cultures, helping to dispel many of the early misconceptions.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the initial fear and horror Japanese people felt when encountering the Portuguese were not born out of malicious intentions but from a lack of understanding and cultural shock. Over time, as more interactions and experiences occurred, this perception gradually evolved. The Portuguese, while sometimes looked upon as 'monsters,' were not invaders but peaceful traders intent on establishing commercial relationships.