Why Alan Kay Underpromotes Smalltalk Compared to Other Language Designers

In the realm of programming language design, Alan Kay and Richard Kenneth Eng (RKE) represent two influential figures. While Kay is deeply involved in the promotion and improvement of Smalltalk, the reasons for RKE's lesser promotion of his work are multifaceted. This analysis aims to explore the motivations and behaviors of these influential language designers and provide insights into why Kay underpromotes Smalltalk.

Language Design and the Pursuit of Innovation

Alan Kay is renowned for his work in programming language design and object-oriented programming. He is the creator of Smalltalk, a powerful and influential language that has shaped modern software development. Kay's contributions extend beyond his initial creation; he continues to refine and promote Smalltalk, which is a testament to his commitment to advancing the field. This dedication is not unusual for good language designers who can see the potential for future improvements.

In line with Kay's approach, Niklaus Wirth, the creator of Pascal and other influential languages, also displayed a similar pattern of innovation. Wirth recognized the limitations of his early designs and continuously sought to improve them. His approach was exemplified in the thoroughness of his documentation, which included critical self-assessment and future directions, as seen in the Pascal Manual and Report. This strategic self-assessment and promotion of future improvements reflect a language designer's role in shaping the progress of programming languages.

RKE and the Static Promotions

In contrast to Kay, RKE appears content with the current state of the languages he designed. Like Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie for C, RKE and his contemporaries found satisfaction in the immediate benefits of the languages they created. Cameron Haight's insights into C highlight how language designers can evolve to promote alternative languages. This movement towards new designs is a hallmark of good language designers who recognize the need for ongoing innovation.

RKE's approach, similar to Kernighan and Ritchie, is characterized by a static promotion and a focus on immediate usability. This is not to say that his work lacks value, but rather that it does not include the same level of forward-thinking and promotion as Kay's Smalltalk. The priority for KR and RKE was to deliver a functional and effective language, rather than to envision and promote future improvements and uses.

The contrasting Approaches

Another key difference between Kay and RKE is their attitude towards criticism and public discourse. Kay has shown a willingness to engage in public discussions and to promote Smalltalk, even when faced with potential backlash. This is illustrated by his nuanced approach to criticism, as seen in his essay on "Why Pascal is not my Favorite Language." In contrast, the reaction to the criticism of C was more defensive, with a focus on maintaining the language's reputation rather than engaging with the criticisms constructively.

Kernighan's essay is an example of how language designers can use public discourse to refine their languages and address emerging challenges. The defensive stance towards criticism can stifle innovation and limit the language's potential advancements. Kay's approach, on the other hand, fosters a community of ongoing improvement and adaptation.

Conclusion and Lessons Learned

The contrasting approaches of Alan Kay and RKE highlight the diverse paths of language design and promotion. Kay's continued engagement and promotion of Smalltalk reflect his belief in ongoing innovation and the need for dynamic improvement. In contrast, RKE's focus on the current state of his work indicates a different approach to promotion and innovation.

The insights from these comparisons can serve as valuable lessons for both established and emerging language designers. Language designers should be committed to both the immediate usability and the long-term evolution of their designs. This balance can lead to the development of more robust and forward-thinking programming languages, ultimately benefiting the entire programming community.