Famed yet Forgotten: General Francis Nash and Daniel Morgan in the American Revolution

The American Revolution was a pivotal period in history that transformed 13 colonies into an independent nation. Despite its significance, many of the key military figures involved are often overlooked. Two such figures are Generals Francis Nash and Daniel Morgan, who played crucial roles during the conflict. This article delves into their achievements and contributions, shedding light on why they deserve more recognition.

General Francis Nash: A Heroic Leadership

Francis Nash, a North Carolinian, commanded the 1st North Carolina Regiment at the American victory at Sullivan’s Island, Charleston, SC. After the victory, he returned to North Carolina to be promoted to Brigadier General and lead the North Carolina Brigade. When his brigade was assigned to join Washington’s Northern Army, they were ordered to be inoculated for Smallpox, a prevalent and deadly disease in 18th-century army camps. Unlike modern vaccination, which only mimics the symptoms of the disease, inoculation had the potential to cause the disease and could be fatal.

Recognizing the potential danger, General Nash volunteered to be the first to be inoculated. His soldiers, inspired by their beloved general, followed his example. Not a single North Carolina soldier died of Smallpox under Nash’s command. His soldiers affectionately referred to him as "our Frank Nash." This act of bravery and leadership demonstrated his willingness to lead by example and his dedication to the welfare of his men.

The Sad End of General Francis Nash

Tragically, General Nash’s life was cut short at the Battle of Germantown, near Philadelphia, on October 4, 1777. During the battle, a small cannon ball shattered his leg, resulting in his death. He was one of ten American generals who lost their lives during the war. Despite the numerous memorials and counties named in his honor, such as Nashville, Tennessee, many Americans remain unaware of who Francis Nash was or the connection between him and “Music City USA.”

Strategic Mind and Tactical Genius: Daniel Morgan

Contrasting Nash’s tragic end is the remarkable military career of Daniel Morgan. A shrewd judge of men and a gifted tactician, Morgan's conduct at the Battle of Cowpens on January 17, 1781, exemplified his strategic prowess. Morgan was well-versed in the strengths and weaknesses of colonial militias and used this knowledge to great advantage.

The night before the battle, Morgan visited each militia unit and told them his expectations. He assured them that they did not need to stand up against British regulars, but instead, could use their numerical advantage and ambush tactics to their advantage. He famously told them, "Three volleys boys, and you can go kiss your sweethearts." When the battle began, the militia troops delivered their volleys and began to retreat, luring the British infantry and the cavalry of Tory partisans under Colonel Tarleton into a three-sided ambush prepared by Morgan with his veteran soldiers.

Strategic Victory at Cowpens

Morgan's double envelopment at Cowpens is considered one of the greatest tactical victories of the Revolutionary War. By achieving this victory, Morgan inflicted significant losses on the British forces and deprived Lord Cornwallis of his cavalry and light infantry. This prevented Cornwallis from effectively pursuing the Southern army led by Nathaniel Greene, which ultimately led to the British surrender at Yorktown in 1781. Through his strategic thinking, Morgan played a crucial role in securing a significant victory that brought the American Revolution to its climactic resolution.

Both General Francis Nash and Daniel Morgan left indelible marks on the course of the American Revolution. While Nash’s legacy is marked by his heroic and self-sacrificing act of inoculation, Morgan’s is defined by his strategic acumen and tactical genius. Their contributions to American history deserve greater recognition and appreciation. Understanding their stories can deepen our appreciation of the complexities and human elements of one of the most important chapters in American history.

In conclusion, Generals Francis Nash and Daniel Morgan exemplify the courage, skill, and leadership required to achieve victory in one of America's most formative conflicts. Their stories serve as reminders of the human cost and dedication required to fight for freedom and independence.