The Journey to Becoming an MP or MLA: Official and Unofficial Criteria

India's political system is governed by specific guidelines outlined in the country's constitution, dictating the path to becoming a Member of Parliament (MP) or a Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA). However, while the official requirements are clear, the journey to becoming an elected representative often involves additional, less formal prerequisites.

Official Requirements for MPs and MLAs

The qualification for membership of both Parliament and the State Legislature are governed by specific articles in India's Constitution. Article 84 details the requirement to become a Member of Parliament, while Article 173 covers the qualification for a Member of the State Legislature. Both require:

For MPs (Both Houses):

Citizenship of India: Applicants must be citizens of India. Oath of Allegiance: A member must swear or affirm an oath or affirmation according to the form set out in the Third Schedule of the Constitution. Age: Must be at least 25 years old for the House of the People and at least 30 years old for the Council of States. Other Qualifications: Possession of any other qualifications as may be prescribed by or under any law made by Parliament.

For MLAs:

Citizenship of India: Applicants must be citizens of India. Oath of Allegiance: Must swear or affirm an oath or affirmation according to the form set out in the Third Schedule of the Constitution. Age: Must be at least 25 years old for the Legislative Assembly and at least 30 years old for the Legislative Council. Other Qualifications: Possession of any other qualifications as may be prescribed by or under any law made by Parliament.

The Realities of Becoming a Member of Parliament or Legislative Assembly

While the official requirements are clear and concise, there are other, less formal yet influential criteria that candidates typically need to meet to be successful in their bid to become an MP or MLA. Here are some of the less official yet crucial factors:

Criterion 1: Financial Resources

Prominent Candidate: Tractorloads of money. Successful campaigning requires significant financial resources. Political parties, candidates themselves, and stakeholders often require substantial contributions and expenditures to secure votes and resources.

Criterion 2: Criminal Records

Legislative Mentor: While once a more prevalent criterion, candidates often have criminal charges against them. This involves building a political network and often involves facing legal challenges early in their careers. It's a stain that can impact their reputation but can also serve as a form of power and intimidation.

Criterion 3: Public Esteem and Influence

Political Persona: People should either fear you or genuinely believe in your capabilities and contributions. This could stem from a strong local presence, public trust, or a history of effective service.

Criterion 4: Party Tickets and Endorsements

Party Booker: Possession of substantial clout is essential, especially if you want to secure a ticket from a recognized political party. Working for a party as a general worker for decades is a common and clean approach. In some cases, candidates get a party ticket based on their favorable or commendable work for the party.

Criterion 5: Independent Candidacies

Self-Fighting: If you decide to stand as an independent candidate, the initial three prerequisites mentioned above (money, criminal charges, and clout) become even more critical. An independent candidate needs to build a network, campaign effectively, and cover expenses without party support.

Conclusion

While the official criteria set forth in India's Constitution are clear, the reality of the political landscape often involves additional, unofficial requirements. These factors can significantly impact a candidate's chances of success. Understanding these extra criteria can provide valuable insights into the current practices and political dynamics within Indian politics.