Imputed righteousness is a fascinating concept found in the Apostle Paul's letter to the Romans, particularly in Romans 4:4-5. According to this biblical passage, redemption and righteousness are not based on human deeds, but rather on faith.

Interpreting Romans 4:1-5

Paul begins in Romans 4:1-5 by establishing the context for understanding Abraham's faith and the righteousness credited to him by God. In verse 1, Paul sets the stage by comparing Abraham's justification to the flesh (his physical descent) with his justification by God. He then explores the implications of Abraham being justified by works or by faith.

He argues that if Abraham were justified by his works, he would have something to boast about. However, this is not the case as God does not consider works as the basis for Abraham's righteousness (verses 2-3). Instead, Paul emphasizes that Abraham's righteousness came from his faith in God, who had promised his descendants in advance (verse 3).

The Fallacy of Covenant Salvation

A key point in the understanding of Romans 4:4-5 is the distinction between justification by works and by faith. Paul states, in verse 4: “For to him that works is the reward not reckoned of grace but of debt.” This verse challenges the idea of covenant salvation, where humans earn salvation through their own works.

This is further illustrated by the contrast Paul makes with 1 Corinthians 1:18: “For the message of the cross is foolishness to those who are perishing, but to us who are being saved it is the power of God.” The different versions of 1 Corinthians 1:18 emphasize that salvation is a gift of God's grace, not earned through human works.

The Role of Faith and Abrahamic Covenant

In verse 5:, Paul delves deeper into the significance of Abraham's faith and how it relates to the concept of imputed righteousness. He introduces the idea that to the one who does not work but believes in him who justifies the ungodly, that faith is counted for righteousness (verses 5-6). This concept is further elaborated through a reference to David's description of the blessedness of the man unto whom God imputeth righteousness without works (verse 6).

The apostle then goes on to explain that Jesus, as the fulfillment of the Abrahamic covenant, did all the necessary actions for us, including being baptized, suffering, and rising to save us from our sins (verse 7 onwards). This points to the fact that imputed righteousness is a gift given to those who believe in Him.

Scriptural Support for Imputed Righteousness

Throughout the New Testament, several verses support the idea of imputed righteousness. For instance, Paul in Romans 10:17 states that “Thus faith comes by hearing and hearing by the word of God.” This emphasizes the importance of the Word of God in generating faith, which in turn leads to the righteousness of God being imputed to the believer.

Another critical support is found in Romans 4:11-12, where it is stated that circumcision is a sign of the righteousness of the faith which Abraham had, even before he was circumcised. Similarly, verse 12 emphasizes that Abraham is the father of all those who believe, whether circumcised or not; a testament to the universality of imputed righteousness through faith.

The Circumcision of the Heart

Romans 4:7 further reinforces the idea of imputed righteousness by stating “Blessed are those whose iniquities are forgiven, and whose sins are covered.” This highlights the transformative nature of faith—forgiveness and covers our iniquities, positioning us as inheritors of the world promised to Abraham.

Finally, the spiritual circumcision of believers in 2 Corinthians 1:22 and Ephesians 1:14 adds depth to the doctrine, illustrating that our faith not only leads to righteous standing before God but also transforms our hearts and spirits, making us more aligned with His will.

Conclusion

The doctrine of imputed righteousness, as described in Romans 4:4-5, shifts the focus from human efforts to God's grace. It teaches us that our relationship with God is rooted in faith, not works. It’s a powerful reminder that it is through sheer faith in God’s promises that we are given a righteous standing before Him. As you explore this concept, remember that it is part of a broader narrative, highlighting the transformative power of God's Word and the transformative nature of faith.