Is European Nationalism Truly Dead? Unpacking the Debate

For those of us who call Europe home, it would be unthinkable to see the resurgence of nationalism as it was in the past. Nationalism, embodied in figures like Hitler, brought unmitigated suffering and devastation to the continent. As a European and a federalist who advocates for the unity of this Union, the idea of nationalism as a force is far from my mind. The European Union has paved the way for cooperation and peace among independent and sovereign nations, reducing the chances of another devastating war.

The Irony of Nationalist Sentiments

While we can celebrate that nationalism as a destructive force is indeed a 'genuine dead cause', the question remains: what is nationalism, and does it persist in other forms?

Is Globalization and Financialization to Blame?

Some argue that the resurgence of nationalism is a backlash against the growing economic globalisation and the increasing internationalisation of financial systems. People often feel that they are losing control over matters that matter most to them. The complex and often undemocratic nature of the EU project, especially after the Maastricht Treaty and the creation of the euro, has led to a desire for more national control. This sentiment is further fueled by mass migration into Europe, which some view as out of control, along with growing fears of international Islamist violence and intolerance. These factors have fed the nationalist sentiments, suggesting that while traditional nationalism may be dead, the underlying desire for national identity and control remains strong.

Is Nationalism a Failed Phenomenon?

Others argue that nationalism as a primary focus of people's lives and a motivator for economic, political, and personal behavior has lost much of its potency. It no longer serves as a significant moral force. The institutions associated with nationalism, such as governments, armies, and even cultural symbols like Captain America, will continue to exist but with diminished significance and appeal.

Is 'Identity' a Better Term?

The term nationalism is sometimes misused and can be perceived as a negative concept. However, there is a desire among people for a sense of identity and belonging, which can be expressed through various forms of national identity. Many within Europe are more comfortable with the term 'identity' rather than 'nationalism', as it better captures the sense of cultural affiliation they wish to express.

Racial and Cultural Perceptions

It is also important to acknowledge the cultural and racial biases that often come into play. While many accuse white Europeans of nationalism, the same behavior in other cultures or ethnicities is often treated more leniently. For example, if a white European expresses pride in their history and culture, they may be ridiculed or silenced. Conversely, when an African or other culture expresses similar sentiments, they are met with support and encouragement. This double standard highlights the need for a more nuanced and equitable approach to discussions about cultural identity and national pride.

The debate around European nationalism is complex, reflecting broader issues of identity, control, and belonging in an increasingly interconnected world. While the specter of historical nationalism is far from our daily concerns, the underlying desires and fears it represents continue to shape our global and European landscape.